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Ideology scores
Where each member falls, from liberal to conservative.
Each dot is a member of Congress, placed from -1 on the left to +1 on the right using only their roll call votes. Members who vote alike land close together. The scores are NOMINATE estimates published by Voteview (UCLA). The score describes voting patterns, mostly on economic issues, not a member's personal beliefs. Scores for members who served several Congresses are estimated as fixed across their career, so they barely change from one Congress to the next, and the 119th Congress scores are provisional. Compare members within a chamber; comparing across chambers needs caution. Click any dot to open that member's page.
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117th Congress
House (455 members)
Furthest left: Sylvia R. Garcia (-0.76), Barbara Lee (-0.68), Maxine Waters (-0.66), Sean Casten (-0.62), Yvette D. Clarke (-0.61)Furthest right: Yvette Herrell (+0.94), Ralph Norman (+0.86), Andrew S. Clyde (+0.83), Andy Biggs (+0.82), Bob Good (+0.80)
Senate (102 members)
Furthest left: Elizabeth Warren (-0.74), Kamala D. Harris (-0.71), Cory A. Booker (-0.56), Bernard Sanders (-0.55), Edward J. Markey (-0.52)Furthest right: Tommy Tuberville (+0.94), Mike Lee (+0.89), Rand Paul (+0.88), Josh Hawley (+0.82), Mike Braun (+0.80)
118th Congress
House (451 members)
Furthest left: Sylvia R. Garcia (-0.76), Barbara Lee (-0.68), Maxine Waters (-0.66), Sean Casten (-0.62), Yvette D. Clarke (-0.61)Furthest right: Greg Lopez (+0.89), Richard McCormick (+0.89), Ralph Norman (+0.86), Josh Brecheen (+0.84), Andrew S. Clyde (+0.83)
Senate (104 members)
Furthest left: Elizabeth Warren (-0.74), Cory A. Booker (-0.56), Bernard Sanders (-0.55), Edward J. Markey (-0.52), Mazie K. Hirono (-0.51)Furthest right: Tommy Tuberville (+0.94), Mike Lee (+0.89), Eric Schmitt (+0.88), Rand Paul (+0.88), J.D. Vance (+0.85)
119th Congress
House (449 members)
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Sylvia R. Garcia (D-TX): -0.76 Sylvester Turner (D-TX): -0.75 Maxine Waters (D-CA): -0.66 Sean Casten (D-IL): -0.62 Yvette D. Clarke (D-NY): -0.61 Pramila Jayapal (D-WA): -0.61 Lateefah Simon (D-CA): -0.60 Janice D. Schakowsky (D-IL): -0.60 Raúl M. Grijalva (D-AZ): -0.60 Lauren Underwood (D-IL): -0.60 Bonnie Watson Coleman (D-NJ): -0.59 Emily Randall (D-WA): -0.57 Christian D. Menefee (D-TX): -0.57 Jennifer L. McClellan (D-VA): -0.56 Nydia M. Velázquez (D-NY): -0.55 Lizzie Fletcher (D-TX): -0.55 LaMonica McIver (D-NJ): -0.54 James P. McGovern (D-MA): -0.54 Jimmy Gomez (D-CA): -0.53 Adriano Espaillat (D-NY): -0.53 Luz M. Rivas (D-CA): -0.52 Troy A. Carter (D-LA): -0.52 Mark Pocan (D-WI): -0.52 Bennie G. Thompson (D-MS): -0.52 Gwen Moore (D-WI): -0.52 Sydney Kamlager-Dove (D-CA): -0.52 Robert Menendez (D-NJ): -0.51 Linda T. Sánchez (D-CA): -0.51 Mark DeSaulnier (D-CA): -0.51 Jerrold Nadler (D-NY): -0.51 Pablo José Hernández (D-PR): -0.51 Valerie P. Foushee (D-NC): -0.50 Adelita S. Grijalva (D-AZ): -0.50 Nanette Diaz Barragán (D-CA): -0.50 Delia C. Ramirez (D-IL): -0.50 Jasmine Crockett (D-TX): -0.49 Jamie Raskin (D-MD): -0.49 Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC): -0.49 Nancy Pelosi (D-CA): -0.49 Danny K. Davis (D-IL): -0.49 Morgan McGarvey (D-KY): -0.49 Hakeem S. Jeffries (D-NY): -0.48 Judy Chu (D-CA): -0.48 Kevin Mullin (D-CA): -0.48 Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. (D-GA): -0.48 Katherine M. Clark (D-MA): -0.48 Frederica S. Wilson (D-FL): -0.48 Shontel M. Brown (D-OH): -0.48 Robin L. Kelly (D-IL): -0.47 Dwight Evans (D-PA): -0.47 Stacey E. Plaskett (D-VI): -0.47 Glenn Ivey (D-MD): -0.47 James E. Clyburn (D-SC): -0.47 Veronica Escobar (D-TX): -0.47 Alma S. Adams (D-NC): -0.46 Mary Gay Scanlon (D-PA): -0.46 Maxine Dexter (D-OR): -0.46 Ro Khanna (D-CA): -0.46 Mark Takano (D-CA): -0.46 Gilbert Ray Cisneros, Jr. (D-CA): -0.46 Cleo Fields (D-LA): -0.46 Jill N. Tokuda (D-HI): -0.46 Wesley Bell (D-MO): -0.46 Emanuel Cleaver (D-MO): -0.45 Summer L. Lee (D-PA): -0.45 Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (D-VA): -0.45 Daniel S. Goldman (D-NY): -0.45 Al Green (D-TX): -0.45 Marilyn Strickland (D-WA): -0.44 Maxwell Frost (D-FL): -0.44 Nikema Williams (D-GA): -0.44 Becca Balint (D-VT): -0.44 Kweisi Mfume (D-MD): -0.44 Joyce Beatty (D-OH): -0.44 Jesús G. "Chuy" García (D-IL): -0.44 Madeleine Dean (D-PA): -0.44 Kathy Castor (D-FL): -0.43 André Carson (D-IN): -0.43 Doris O. Matsui (D-CA): -0.43 Jared Huffman (D-CA): -0.43 Melanie A. Stansbury (D-NM): -0.43 Joe Neguse (D-CO): -0.43 Diana DeGette (D-CO): -0.43 Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D-FL): -0.43 Greg Casar (D-TX): -0.43 Yassamin Ansari (D-AZ): -0.43 James R. Walkinshaw (D-VA): -0.43 Gabe Amo (D-RI): -0.43 Analilia Mejia (D-NJ): -0.42 Chellie Pingree (D-ME): -0.42 Donald Norcross (D-NJ): -0.42 Sara Jacobs (D-CA): -0.42 Betty McCollum (D-MN): -0.42 Richard E. Neal (D-MA): -0.42 Lori Trahan (D-MA): -0.42 Paul Tonko (D-NY): -0.42 Gregory W. Meeks (D-NY): -0.41 Rosa L. DeLauro (D-CT): -0.41 Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-FL): -0.41 Shomari Figures (D-AL): -0.41 Marc A. Veasey (D-TX): -0.41 Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-NJ): -0.40 Joaquin Castro (D-TX): -0.40 Lloyd Doggett (D-TX): -0.40 Terri A. Sewell (D-AL): -0.40 George Latimer (D-NY): -0.40 Suzanne Bonamici (D-OR): -0.40 Debbie Dingell (D-MI): -0.40 Juan Vargas (D-CA): -0.40 Zoe Lofgren (D-CA): -0.40 John B. Larson (D-CT): -0.40 Lois Frankel (D-FL): -0.39 Mike Thompson (D-CA): -0.39 Donald S. Beyer, Jr. (D-VA): -0.39 Deborah K. Ross (D-NC): -0.39 Steve Cohen (D-TN): -0.39 Timothy M. Kennedy (D-NY): -0.39 Vicente Gonzalez (D-TX): -0.39 Steny H. Hoyer (D-MD): -0.38 Brendan F. Boyle (D-PA): -0.38 Johnny Olszewski, Jr. (D-MD): -0.38 Brittany Pettersen (D-CO): -0.38 Ayanna Pressley (D-MA): -0.38 Robert Garcia (D-CA): -0.37 Sarah Elfreth (D-MD): -0.37 Lucy McBath (D-GA): -0.37 Grace Meng (D-NY): -0.37 Ted Lieu (D-CA): -0.37 Norma J. Torres (D-CA): -0.37 Teresa Leger Fernandez (D-NM): -0.37 Rick Larsen (D-WA): -0.36 Jason Crow (D-CO): -0.36 Haley M. Stevens (D-MI): -0.36 Laura Friedman (D-CA): -0.36 Eric Swalwell (D-CA): -0.35 Julie Johnson (D-TX): -0.35 Shri Thanedar (D-MI): -0.35 Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL): -0.35 Jonathan L. Jackson (D-IL): -0.35 Kelly Morrison (D-MN): -0.35 Sam T. Liccardo (D-CA): -0.35 Brad Sherman (D-CA): -0.34 Stephen F. Lynch (D-MA): -0.34 Jahana Hayes (D-CT): -0.34 Marcy Kaptur (D-OH): -0.34 Darren Soto (D-FL): -0.34 Joe Courtney (D-CT): -0.34 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY): -0.33 Emilia Strong Sykes (D-OH): -0.33 Joseph D. Morelle (D-NY): -0.33 William R. Keating (D-MA): -0.33 Pete Aguilar (D-CA): -0.33 Mike Quigley (D-IL): -0.32 Salud O. Carbajal (D-CA): -0.32 Mike Levin (D-CA): -0.32 Gabe Vasquez (D-NM): -0.32 Nikki Budzinski (D-IL): -0.32 John Garamendi (D-CA): -0.31 Steven Horsford (D-NV): -0.31 Ritchie Torres (D-NY): -0.31 Gerald E. Connolly (D-VA): -0.31 Nellie Pou (D-NJ): -0.31 Julia Brownley (D-CA): -0.31 David Scott (D-GA): -0.30 Seth Magaziner (D-RI): -0.30 Frank J. Mrvan (D-IN): -0.30 Herbert C. Conaway, Jr. (D-NJ): -0.30 Ilhan Omar (D-MN): -0.30 Dina Titus (D-NV): -0.30 Suzan K. DelBene (D-WA): -0.30 Josh Harder (D-CA): -0.29 Adam Smith (D-WA): -0.29 April McClain Delaney (D-MD): -0.29 Rashida Tlaib (D-MI): -0.29 Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. (D-GA): -0.29 Janelle S. Bynum (D-OR): -0.29 Seth Moulton (D-MA): -0.29 J. Luis Correa (D-CA): -0.28 Greg Stanton (D-AZ): -0.28 Jimmy Panetta (D-CA): -0.28 Kim Schrier (D-WA): -0.28 Angie Craig (D-MN): -0.27 Jake Auchincloss (D-MA): -0.27 Sarah McBride (D-DE): -0.27 Sharice Davids (D-KS): -0.27 Christopher R. Deluzio (D-PA): -0.26 Raul Ruiz (D-CA): -0.26 Hillary J. Scholten (D-MI): -0.26 Chrissy Houlahan (D-PA): -0.26 Ami Bera (D-CA): -0.25 Kristen McDonald Rivet (D-MI): -0.24 James A. Himes (D-CT): -0.24 Donald G. Davis (D-NC): -0.24 Eric Sorensen (D-IL): -0.24 Bill Foster (D-IL): -0.24 John W. Mannion (D-NY): -0.24 Suhas Subramanyam (D-VA): -0.24 Adam Gray (D-CA): -0.23 Mikie Sherrill (D-NJ): -0.23 Derek Tran (D-CA): -0.23 Chris Pappas (D-NH): -0.23 Val T. Hoyle (D-OR): -0.23 Jared Moskowitz (D-FL): -0.23 Andrea Salinas (D-OR): -0.23 Greg Landsman (D-OH): -0.23 Susie Lee (D-NV): -0.23 Patrick Ryan (D-NY): -0.23 Henry Cuellar (D-TX): -0.23 Thomas R. Suozzi (D-NY): -0.21 Maggie Goodlander (D-NH): -0.21 Ed Case (D-HI): -0.21 Dave Min (D-CA): -0.21 George Whitesides (D-CA): -0.20 Josh Riley (D-NY): -0.20 Jim Costa (D-CA): -0.20 Bradley Scott Schneider (D-IL): -0.20 Scott H. Peters (D-CA): -0.19 Eugene Simon Vindman (D-VA): -0.17 Laura Gillen (D-NY): -0.17 Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ): -0.17 Jared F. Golden (D-ME): -0.11 Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D-WA): -0.10 Brian K. Fitzpatrick (R-PA): +0.14 Kevin Kiley (Ind.-CA): +0.15 Kimberlyn King-Hinds (R-MP): +0.16 Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ): +0.18 Michael Lawler (R-NY): +0.19 Thomas H. Kean, Jr. (R-NJ): +0.20 Andrew R. Garbarino (R-NY): +0.24 David P. Joyce (R-OH): +0.25 Nick LaLota (R-NY): +0.25 David G. Valadao (R-CA): +0.26 Robert P. Bresnahan, Jr. (R-PA): +0.26 Young Kim (R-CA): +0.26 Jennifer A. Kiggans (R-VA): +0.26 Michael R. Turner (R-OH): +0.27 Maria Elvira Salazar (R-FL): +0.27 Don Bacon (R-NE): +0.28 Mario Diaz-Balart (R-FL): +0.28 Zachary Nunn (R-IA): +0.29 Michael K. Simpson (R-ID): +0.30 Juan Ciscomani (R-AZ): +0.30 Elise M. Stefanik (R-NY): +0.31 Jeff Hurd (R-CO): +0.32 Dan Newhouse (R-WA): +0.32 Jay Obernolte (R-CA): +0.32 John James (R-MI): +0.32 Ryan Mackenzie (R-PA): +0.32 Tom Cole (R-OK): +0.32 Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen (R-AS): +0.33 Carlos A. Gimenez (R-FL): +0.33 James C. Moylan (R-GU): +0.33 Harold Rogers (R-KY): +0.33 Nicole Malliotakis (R-NY): +0.33 Glenn Thompson (R-PA): +0.34 Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R-IA): +0.34 Ken Calvert (R-CA): +0.34 Gabe Evans (R-CO): +0.34 James Gallagher (R-CA): +0.34 Steve Womack (R-AR): +0.35 Tony Gonzales (R-TX): +0.35 Nancy Mace (R-SC): +0.35 Ashley Hinson (R-IA): +0.36 Vern Buchanan (R-FL): +0.36 Frank D. Lucas (R-OK): +0.36 Max L. Miller (R-OH): +0.37 Blake D. Moore (R-UT): +0.37 Chuck Edwards (R-NC): +0.37 Mike Rogers (R-AL): +0.38 Mike Kelly (R-PA): +0.38 Derrick Van Orden (R-WI): +0.38 Mark E. Amodei (R-NV): +0.38 Jefferson Van Drew (R-NJ): +0.38 Pete Stauber (R-MN): +0.39 Ann Wagner (R-MO): +0.39 Mike Bost (R-IL): +0.40 Robert B. Aderholt (R-AL): +0.41 Mike Carey (R-OH): +0.41 Michael T. McCaul (R-TX): +0.41 Stephanie I. Bice (R-OK): +0.41 Celeste Maloy (R-UT): +0.42 Bryan Steil (R-WI): +0.42 Laurel M. Lee (R-FL): +0.42 Gus M. Bilirakis (R-FL): +0.42 Nicholas A. Langworthy (R-NY): +0.42 Brett Guthrie (R-KY): +0.43 Michael A. Rulli (R-OH): +0.43 Charles J. "Chuck" Fleischmann (R-TN): +0.43 John H. Rutherford (R-FL): +0.43 Julia Letlow (R-LA): +0.43 Jack Bergman (R-MI): +0.43 J. French Hill (R-AR): +0.43 Dan Crenshaw (R-TX): +0.44 Mike Flood (R-NE): +0.44 Ryan K. Zinke (R-MT): +0.44 James R. Baird (R-IN): +0.45 Robert J. Wittman (R-VA): +0.45 Guy Reschenthaler (R-PA): +0.45 John R. Moolenaar (R-MI): +0.45 Vince Fong (R-CA): +0.45 Sam Graves (R-MO): +0.45 Michael Waltz (R-FL): +0.45 Burgess Owens (R-UT): +0.45 Lloyd Smucker (R-PA): +0.46 Darin LaHood (R-IL): +0.46 Brian J. Mast (R-FL): +0.46 Eric A. "Rick" Crawford (R-AR): +0.46 Mike Haridopolos (R-FL): +0.46 Troy Balderson (R-OH): +0.46 Claudia Tenney (R-NY): +0.47 Randy Feenstra (R-IA): +0.47 Tom Emmer (R-MN): +0.47 Dusty Johnson (R-SD): +0.47 Monica De La Cruz (R-TX): +0.47 Darrell Issa (R-CA): +0.47 Cliff Bentz (R-OR): +0.48 Gregory F. Murphy (R-NC): +0.48 John R. Carter (R-TX): +0.49 Andy Barr (R-KY): +0.49 Daniel Meuser (R-PA): +0.49 Victoria Spartz (R-IN): +0.49 Tim Walberg (R-MI): +0.50 Tom Barrett (R-MI): +0.50 Neal P. Dunn (R-FL): +0.51 Robert E. Latta (R-OH): +0.51 Adrian Smith (R-NE): +0.51 Jake Ellzey (R-TX): +0.51 H. Morgan Griffith (R-VA): +0.51 Jefferson Shreve (R-IN): +0.51 Rudy Yakym III (R-IN): +0.52 Jimmy Patronis (R-FL): +0.52 Richard Hudson (R-NC): +0.52 Daniel Webster (R-FL): +0.53 Joe Wilson (R-SC): +0.53 Bill Huizenga (R-MI): +0.53 Michael Guest (R-MS): +0.53 Carol D. Miller (R-WV): +0.53 Tony Wied (R-WI): +0.53 Austin Scott (R-GA): +0.54 Michelle Fischbach (R-MN): +0.54 David Kustoff (R-TN): +0.54 Doug LaMalfa (R-CA): +0.54 Bruce Westerman (R-AR): +0.54 Mark B. Messmer (R-IN): +0.54 Riley M. Moore (R-WV): +0.54 Lisa C. McClain (R-MI): +0.55 David Schweikert (R-AZ): +0.55 Russell Fry (R-SC): +0.55 Earl L. "Buddy" Carter (R-GA): +0.56 Mike Ezell (R-MS): +0.56 Steve Scalise (R-LA): +0.56 Brad Finstad (R-MN): +0.56 Addison P. McDowell (R-NC): +0.56 Anna Paulina Luna (R-FL): +0.56 Mark Alford (R-MO): +0.56 Mike Johnson (R-LA): +0.57 David Rouzer (R-NC): +0.57 Jason Smith (R-MO): +0.58 Scott DesJarlais (R-TN): +0.58 John Joyce (R-PA): +0.58 Pete Sessions (R-TX): +0.58 Nathaniel Moran (R-TX): +0.58 Tim Moore (R-NC): +0.59 Nicholas J. Begich III (R-AK): +0.59 Kat Cammack (R-FL): +0.59 Morgan Luttrell (R-TX): +0.59 Roger Williams (R-TX): +0.59 James Comer (R-KY): +0.59 Brian Jack (R-GA): +0.59 Scott Fitzgerald (R-WI): +0.60 William R. Timmons IV (R-SC): +0.60 Michael Baumgartner (R-WA): +0.60 Glenn Grothman (R-WI): +0.60 Wesley Hunt (R-TX): +0.60 Cory Mills (R-FL): +0.60 Beth Van Duyne (R-TX): +0.60 Tracey Mann (R-KS): +0.61 Troy E. Nehls (R-TX): +0.61 Dale W. Strong (R-AL): +0.61 Julie Fedorchak (R-ND): +0.61 Matt Van Epps (R-TN): +0.61 David J. Taylor (R-OH): +0.61 Erin Houchin (R-IN): +0.62 Virginia Foxx (R-NC): +0.62 Scott Franklin (R-FL): +0.62 Clay Higgins (R-LA): +0.63 Randy Fine (R-FL): +0.63 August Pfluger (R-TX): +0.63 Byron Donalds (R-FL): +0.64 Trent Kelly (R-MS): +0.64 Harriet M. Hageman (R-WY): +0.64 Thomas P. Tiffany (R-WI): +0.64 Russ Fulcher (R-ID): +0.64 Barry Moore (R-AL): +0.65 Ron Estes (R-KS): +0.65 Warren Davidson (R-OH): +0.65 Jodey C. Arrington (R-TX): +0.65 Troy Downing (R-MT): +0.65 Thomas Massie (R-KY): +0.65 John W. Rose (R-TN): +0.65 Mike Kennedy (R-UT): +0.66 Tim Burchett (R-TN): +0.66 Jeff Crank (R-CO): +0.67 Gary J. Palmer (R-AL): +0.67 Tom McClintock (R-CA): +0.67 Mark E. Green (R-TN): +0.67 Barry Loudermilk (R-GA): +0.68 Andy Harris (R-MD): +0.68 Abraham J. Hamadeh (R-AZ): +0.68 Kevin Hern (R-OK): +0.68 Mike Collins (R-GA): +0.68 Diana Harshbarger (R-TN): +0.68 Scott Perry (R-PA): +0.69 W. Gregory Steube (R-FL): +0.69 Rick W. Allen (R-GA): +0.69 Michael Cloud (R-TX): +0.69 Derek Schmidt (R-KS): +0.69 Aaron Bean (R-FL): +0.69 Paul A. Gosar (R-AZ): +0.70 Clay Fuller (R-GA): +0.70 John J. McGuire III (R-VA): +0.71 Brian Babin (R-TX): +0.71 Lauren Boebert (R-CO): +0.71 Jim Jordan (R-OH): +0.71 Pat Fallon (R-TX): +0.71 Ben Cline (R-VA): +0.71 Marlin A. Stutzman (R-IN): +0.71 Lance Gooden (R-TX): +0.72 Randy K. Weber, Sr. (R-TX): +0.72 Robert F. Onder, Jr. (R-MO): +0.72 Eric Burlison (R-MO): +0.73 Andrew Ogles (R-TN): +0.75 Elijah Crane (R-AZ): +0.75 Brandon Gill (R-TX): +0.77 Craig A. Goldman (R-TX): +0.78 Ronny Jackson (R-TX): +0.78 Mary E. Miller (R-IL): +0.79 Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA): +0.80 Mark Harris (R-NC): +0.80 Chip Roy (R-TX): +0.80 Sheri Biggs (R-SC): +0.81 Andy Biggs (R-AZ): +0.82 Brad Knott (R-NC): +0.82 Keith Self (R-TX): +0.82 Andrew S. Clyde (R-GA): +0.83 Josh Brecheen (R-OK): +0.84 Ralph Norman (R-SC): +0.86 Richard McCormick (R-GA): +0.89 Pat Harrigan (R-NC): +0.97 Furthest left: Sylvia R. Garcia (-0.76), Sylvester Turner (-0.75), Maxine Waters (-0.66), Sean Casten (-0.62), Yvette D. Clarke (-0.61)Furthest right: Pat Harrigan (+0.97), Richard McCormick (+0.89), Ralph Norman (+0.86), Josh Brecheen (+0.84), Andrew S. Clyde (+0.83)
Senate (104 members)
Furthest left: Elizabeth Warren (-0.74), Cory A. Booker (-0.56), Bernard Sanders (-0.55), Edward J. Markey (-0.52), Mazie K. Hirono (-0.51)Furthest right: Tommy Tuberville (+0.94), Mike Lee (+0.89), Eric Schmitt (+0.88), Rand Paul (+0.88), J.D. Vance (+0.85)